CDF plot of Numerical columns
The provided code below generates a grid of subplots (dynamic rows and 2 columns) and plots cumulative distribution function (CDF) plots for numerical variables in a DataFrame (df).
Finding the optimal number of clusters (k) using Elbow Method
he elbow method is a technique used to find the optimal number of clusters (k) in a dataset for a clustering algorithm, such as k-means. The idea is to run the clustering algorithm for different values of k and plot the sum of squared distances (inertia) between data points and their assigned cluster centroids. The…
Standardizing features by StandardScaler
n scikit-learn (sklearn), the StandardScaler is a preprocessing technique used to standardize features by removing the mean and scaling them to have a unit variance. Standardization is a common step in many machine learning algorithms, especially those that involve distance-based calculations or optimization processes, as it helps ensure that all features contribute equally to the…
What is Silhouette Coefficient
he silhouette coefficient is a measure of how well-separated clusters are in a clustering analysis. It provides a way to assess the quality of clustering by evaluating both the cohesion within clusters and the separation between clusters. The silhouette coefficient ranges from -1 to 1, with higher values indicating better-defined clusters. Here’s how the silhouette…
What is Mahalanobis Distance
he Mahalanobis distance is a measure of the distance between a point and a distribution, taking into account the correlation between variables. It is often used in statistics and machine learning to identify outliers and to assess the dissimilarity between a data point and a distribution. The Mahalanobis distance is defined for a point (x)…
What is Jaccard Distance
accard distance is a measure of dissimilarity between two sets. It is calculated as the complement of the Jaccard similarity coefficient and is particularly useful when dealing with binary data or sets. The Jaccard similarity coefficient measures the proportion of shared elements between two sets, and the Jaccard distance is essentially the complement of this…
What are the common Distance Measures in Clustering
istance measures (or similarity measures, depending on the context) play a crucial role in clustering algorithms, as they determine the similarity or dissimilarity between data points. Here are some common distance measures used in clustering: The choice of distance measure depends on the nature of your data and the specific requirements of your clustering task.…
Choosing the right estimator
Often the hardest part of solving a machine learning problem can be finding the right estimator for the job. Different estimators are better suited for different types of data and different problems. The flowchart below is designed to give users a bit of a rough guide on how to approach problems with regard to which…
What is Logistic Regression?
ogistic Regression is a statistical method used for binary classification tasks, where the outcome variable is categorical and has two classes. Despite its name, it is used for classification rather than regression. The logistic regression algorithm models the probability that a given input belongs to a particular class. The logistic regression model applies the logistic…
NumPy function argmax
np.argmax is a NumPy function that returns the indices of the maximum values along a specified axis in an array. If the input array is multi-dimensional, you can specify the axis along which the maximum values are computed. Here’s a simple example: Output: In this example, np.argmax(arr) returns the index (position) of the maximum value…