One-hot encoding is a technique used in machine learning and data preprocessing to represent categorical variables as binary vectors. In one-hot encoding, each category or label in a categorical variable is represented as a binary vector, where each element corresponds to a unique category. The process involves the following steps: For example, consider a dataset…
Model coefficients, also known as regression coefficients or weights, are the values assigned to the features (independent variables) in a regression model. In a linear regression model, the relationship between the input features (X) and the predicted output (y) is represented as: Here: The model coefficients are estimated during the training of the regression model.…
PolynomialFeatures is a preprocessing technique used in machine learning, particularly in polynomial regression. It transforms an input feature matrix by adding new features that are polynomial combinations of the original features. For example, if you have a feature (x), PolynomialFeatures can generate additional features like , etc., up to a specified degree. This allows the…
uniform distribution is a probability distribution in which all outcomes or events are equally likely to occur. In other words, every possible outcome has the same probability of occurring. In Python, you can use the numpy library to generate random numbers following a uniform distribution. For example:
he binomial distribution is a discrete probability distribution that describes the number of successes in a fixed number of independent Bernoulli trials, each with the same probability of success. In other words, it models the number of successes (e.g., heads in a series of coin flips) in a fixed number of independent experiments, where each…
To save a Google Colab notebook as an HTML file, you can follow these steps: Replace the path and your_notebook_name.ipynb with the actual path and name of your Colab notebook in your Google Drive. Now you have an HTML version of your Google Colab notebook that you can save, share, or submit.
You can use the subplot function in Matplotlib to create multiple plots arranged in a grid. To put two plots on top of each other, you can use the following approach: In this example, plt.subplot(2, 1, 1) creates the first subplot in a 2-row, 1-column grid, and plt.subplot(2, 1, 2) creates the second subplot beneath…
Gaussian distribution, also known as a normal distribution, is a continuous probability distribution that is symmetric around its mean, forming a bell-shaped curve. It is a fundamental concept in statistics and probability theory. The shape of the distribution is characterized by its mean (average) and standard deviation. The probability density function (PDF) of a Gaussian…
In pandas, you can give a specific sorting order to categorical values by creating a categorical variable with an ordered category. Here’s an example: In this example: This can be useful when you want to ensure that certain operations, such as sorting or plotting, take into account the natural order of the days of the…
To cap or clip outliers in a column, you can use the clip method in pandas. The clip method allows you to set a minimum and maximum threshold for the values in a DataFrame or a specific column. Here’s an example: Clipping is a simple method, and it’s important to consider the impact on your…
